The region of unwinding is called a transcription bubble. Transcription in prokaryotes (and in eukaryotes) requires the DNA double helix to partially unwind in the region of mRNA synthesis. Plasmids can be transferred independently of the bacterial chromosome during cell division and often carry traits such as antibiotic resistance. In addition, prokaryotes often have abundant plasmids, which are shorter circular DNA molecules that may only contain one or a few genes. The central region of the cell in which prokaryotic DNA resides is called the nucleoid. A bacterial chromosome is a covalentlyĬlosed circle that, unlike eukaryotic chromosomes, is not organized around histone proteins. The prokaryotes, which include bacteria and archaea, are mostly single-celled organisms that, by definition, lack membrane-bound nuclei and other organelles. Describe how and when transcription is terminated.Discuss the role of promoters in prokaryotic transcription.List the different steps in prokaryotic transcription.The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Lifeīy the end of this section, you will be able to: Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesisįertilization and Early Embryonic DevelopmentĬlimate and the Effects of Global Climate ChangeĮnvironmental Limits to Population Growthīehavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids The Evolutionary History of the Animal KingdomĪnimal Nutrition and the Digestive System Other Acellular Entities: Prions and Viroids Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of ProbabilityĮukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene RegulationĮukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors Using Light Energy to Make Organic Molecules The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid CycleĬonnections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building BlocksĬonnections between Cells and Cellular Activities
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